Therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in targeting long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) mediated Cancer Metastasis

Dr.Saravanabhavan R, Dr.Kenneth N, Jespin J, , Ashika BG, Deepika R, Santhiya S.

Cancer metastasis is a major challenge in cancer treatment and is regulated by several molecular mechanisms, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are non-protein-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in cancer progression, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Recent studies suggest that phytochemicals can modulate the expression and activity of cancer-associated lncRNAs and may therefore provide a promising natural approach for controlling metastasis. Several phytochemicals, including curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), genistein, silibinin, emodin, sanguinarine, quercetin, naringenin, bharangin, artemisinin, anacardic acid, and gambogic acid, have demonstrated anticancer and antimetastatic activities through regulation of lncRNAs and related signaling pathways. These compounds can influence oncogenic and tumor-suppressive lncRNAs such as HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript (H19), Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), Growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5), Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), and Prostate cancer-associated transcript 29 (PCAT29), thereby affecting EMT, apoptosis, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Overall, phytochemical-mediated modulation of lncRNAs represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer metastasis and may provide opportunities for the development of safer and more effective anticancer approaches.